KNOTS-ON-THE-BUS LESSON PLAN


 
 

 Visitors to the "Beyond Numbers" exhibit encounter knot models, cultural string games, and even a model of "the place where a knot is not." to learn more about how mathematicians view knots.
 
 





NCTM Standards and AAAS Benchmarks addressed:

 Mathematics as Reasoning:
Students can understand and apply reasoning processes, with special attention to spatial reasoning and reasoning with proportions and graphs. 
Students can make and evaluate mathematical conjectures and arguments.

 Mathematics as Communication:
Students can develop common understandings of mathemacial ideas, including the role of definitions. Students can discuss mathemtaical ideas and make conjectures and convincing arguments.

 The Nature of Mathematics, Patterns and Relationships:
Students learn that new mathematics continues to be invented, and connections between different parts of mathematics continue to be found.

 The Nature of Mathematics, Mathematics, Science, and Technology:
Students know that mathematics and science as enterprises share many values and features: belief in order, ideals of honesty and openness, the importance of criticism by colleagues, and the essential role played by imagination. 


 

INTRODUCTION

Knot theory, a subdiscipline of topology, has proven useful in forming new conjectures about the laws of quantum physics. As with other topics in topology, a fundamental problem is identifying what features in a knot are invariant. Mathematicians have distinguished 13,000 single-component knots with 13 or fewer crossings, not counting mirror objects.

 The following activities serve as an introduction to knot theory and will help students appreciate how a seemingly simple idea can lead to interesting and challenging problems.
 
 

MATERIALS

Tape
Rope cut into pieces roughly 1 1/2 feet long. Before cutting, wrap tape around the place where you will cut so that the rope will not fray.
Leave about 30 ropes unknotted.
Make 10 knots as shown:
 
 

PROCEDURE

Activity I - Fancy knot contest 
Give every player an unknotted piece of rope. With teams of four, every player tries to make the "fanciest knot". Teammates must come to consensus as to whose knot is the fanciest. (It is a mathematical activity for them to define what makes a knot fancy.) The team presents their chosen knot to represent them in a contest against a second team. Have the teams discuss criteria for the fanciest knot.

 Activity 2 - Knot Tag 
Show the participants the ten pre-made knots and emphasize that they are not to be disconnected. Give every participating pair of students a completed knot and a plain length of rope. Challenge them to recreate the completed knot. You might suggest loosening the completed knot to see how the crossings are arranged.

 When the knot is completed, have the chaperon verify that the knot is correct and then use tape to tag the model knot with the team initials. Trade tagged knot models with another team. Continue until a team has tagged all of the models.


last revised 2/06/01


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